Works Cited
The following are examples of materials commonly used in Works Cited lists, but do not represent all situations. For citing sources not mentioned here (e.g., government documents, television programs, interviews, etc.), consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 5th edition, on Reserve at the Circulation Desk in the Library.
Center the title (Works Cited) an inch from the top of the page and double-space between the Works Cited title and the first entry. Begin each entry at the left margin and indent any subsequent line(s) one-half inch. Double-space the entire list, both between and within entries. Alphabetize the entries by the author’s last name or, in the absence of an author, by the title. Capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle of each work, plus the following parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions.
When citing the place of publication, provide only the city and not the state. For books published in foreign cities, add an abbreviation of the country only if the name of the city is ambiguous (e.g. Manchester, Eng.). When stating the publisher, omit articles (A, An, The), business abbreviations (Co., Inc., Ltd.), and company descriptions (Press, Publishers, House, Books). If several cities are given, state only the first. Also, shorten publishers’ names, as in the following examples:
Knopf Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
Anansi Anansi Press
McGraw McGraw-Hill, Inc.
U of Chicago P University of Chicago Press
Cambridge UP Cambridge University Press
ALA American Library Association
Basic Basic Books
Book by a Single Author
Wrigley, Owen. The Politics of Deafness. Washington: Gallaudet UP, 1996.
Book by 2 or 3 Authors
Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Columb, and Joseph M. Williams. The Craft of
Research. Chicago: U of Chicago P., 1995.
Eggins, Suzanne, and Diane Slade. Analyzing Casual Conversation.
London:Cassell, 1997.
Book by 4 or More Authors
Prochaska, James, et al. Changing for Good. New York: Morrow, 1994.
Book with an Editor
Sessions, George, ed. Deep Ecology for the 21st Century. Boston: Shambala,
1995.
Two or More Books by the Same Author
Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. New York: Harcourt, 1957.
---. To the Lighthouse. New York: Harcourt, 1957.
Book by a Corporate Author
American Medical Association. The American Medical Association
Handbook of First Aid and Emergency Care. Rev. ed. New York:
Random, 1990.
A Book with
a Government as Author
If
you do not know the name of the author of a government publication, cite as
author the name of the government agency that issued it. State the name of the
government, followed by the name of the
agency, using an abbreviation if the context makes it clear. The
following are examples of how the author information is presented:
United
States. Cong. House.
---. ---. Senate.
---. Dept. of Health and Human Services.
No Author or Editor
Comprehensive Guide to Bar Admission Requirements, 1991-92.
Chicago: ABA, 1991.
Book Published in a Subsequent Edition
Tordoff, William. Government and Politics in Africa. 2nd ed.
Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1993.
Book with Multiple Publishers
Motherwell, Robert. Reconciliation Elegy. Geneva: Skira; New York:
Rizzoli, 1980.
Work in an Anthology or Compilation
Cavendish, George. "Án Epitaph of Our Late Queen Mary." The New
Oxford Book of Sixteenth-Century Verse. Ed. Emrys Jones. New
York: Oxford UP, 1992. 131-34.
If the work in the anthology was originally published independently, underline its title, rather than putting it in quotation marks. If you know the date of the original publication, state the year after the title of the work.
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an
American Slave, Written by Himself. 1845. Slave Narratives. Ed. William L.
Andrews and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Lib. of Amer., 2000.
267-368.
To cite a previously published article in a book collection, include the information for the original publication and add "Rpt. in" (Reprinted in), the title of the collection, and the new publication information.
Holladay, Hillary. "Narrative Space in Ann Petry's Country Place." Xavier
Review 16 (1996): 21-35. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed.
Linda Pavlovski and Scott Darga. Vol. 112. Detroit: Gale, 2202. 356-62.
Multivolume Work
If you used 2 or more volumes of a multivolume work, state the total number of volumes in the work.
Braudel, Fernand. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in
the Age of Philip II. 2 vols. New York: Harper, 1973.
If you used only one volume of a multivolume work, cite the number of the volume you used.
Braudel, Fernand. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in
the Age of Philip II. Vol. 1. New York: Harper, 1973.
Article in a Reference Book
Treat an encyclopedia article or a dictionary article as you would a piece in a collection, but do not cite the editor of the reference work. If the encyclopedia or dictionary arranges its articles alphabetically, you may omit the volume and page numbers. When citing familiar reference books, especially those that appear in new editions, do not give the publisher or place of publication; when citing less familiar reference works, give full publication information
Karan, Pradyumma P., and Leo E. Rose. "Nepal." The New Encyclopaedia
Britannica: Macropaedia. 15th ed. 1995.
If you are citing a specific definition, among several, add the abbreviation Def. ("Definition") and the appropriate designation (e.g. number, letter).
"Noon." Def. 4b. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989.
Omit the, an, or a as an introductory word in the title of a periodical. When citing a date that includes day, month, and year, place the day before the month, e.g. 21 Feb. 1995. The page numbers of the article follow the colon in the citation. If an article is not printed on consecutive pages, cite only the first page number, followed by a +.
Article in a Scholarly Journal with Issues Separately Paginated
(include issue number after volume number, separated by a
period)
Diamond, Peter A. "Proposals to Restructure Social Security." Journal of
Economic Perspectives 10.3 (1966): 67-88.
Article in a Scholarly Journal with Continuous Pagination
(do
not cite issue number)
Ros, Karen E. "The Roman Theater at Carthage." American Journal of
Archaeology 100 (1996): 440-89
Article in a Magazine Published Every Week or Two
van Beeck, Frans Josef. "One God and Other Revelations." Commonweal 22
Mar. 1996: 15-19.
Article in a Magazine Published Every Month or Two
Wernick, Robert. "Rising from the Sea, the Mysterious Handwork of Giants."
Smithsonian Sept. 1996: 62+.
Article in a Newspaper
When the section letter or number is printed on the newspaper page (along with the page number), cite the page exactly as it appears:
Leary, Warren E. "When Violinists Play, Their Violins Improve." New York
Times 27 Feb. 1996, late ed.: C9.
When the section letter or number is not printed on the newspaper page (as is the case, for example, with the Sunday edition of the New York Times), put a comma after the date (or after the edition, if there is one) and add the abbreviation sec. before the section letter or number:
Siwolop, Sana. "Sometimes, Passing Up Tax Breaks Is Best Strategy." New
York Times 27 Oct. 1996, late ed., sec. 3: 4.
When a newspaper is not divided into specific sections and the pages are numbered continuously from the first page to the last, cite no section letter or number:
Murphy, Kate. "Organic Food Makers Reap Green Yields of Revenue."
New York Times 26 Oct.1996, late ed.: 37.
A
Review
Updike, John. "No Brakes." Rev. of Sinclair Lews: Rebel from Main Street, by
Richard Lingeman. New Yorker 4 Feb. 2002: 77-80
An
Editorial
Gergen, David. "A Question of Values." Editorial. US News and World Report
11 Feb. 2002: 72.
A
Letter to the Editor
Safer, Morley. Letter. New York Times 31 Oct. 1993, late ed., sec. 2: 4
Materials Access Via the Internet
The Basic Internet Citation
Entries cited from the World Wide Web should contain as many items from the list below as are relevant and available. To locate some of the information you may need to dig deep into the website, returning to the Home Page or scrolling to the end, for example. And remember that when citing material accessed via the Internet, first consult the formatting rules for print material (see pages 1-3 of this handout) to understand the proper arrangement of information cited.
1. Name of the author, editor, or compiler of the work, followed by an abbreviation, such as ed.
2. Title of a poem, short story, or similar short work (in quotation marks) within the Internet site; or title of a posting to a discussion list or forum (taken from the subject line and put in quotation marks), followed by the description Online posting
3. Title of a book (underlined)
4. Name of the editor, compiler, or translator of the text of the book (if relevant and not cited earlier), preceded by the appropriate abbreviation, such as Ed.
5. Publication information for any print version of the source
6. Title of the Internet site (e.g. scholarly project, database, online periodical, or professional or personal site [underlined]); or, for a professional or personal site with no title, a description such as Home page
7. Name of the editor of the site (if given).
8. Version number of the source (if not part of the title) or, for a journal, the volume number, issue number, or other identifying number
9. Date of electronic publication, latest update, or posting
10. For a work from a subscription service, the name of the service and, if the library is the subscriber, the name and geographic location (city, state abbreviation) of the library
11. For a posting to a discussion list or forum, the name of the list or forum
12. The number range or total number of pages, paragraphs, or other sections, if they are numbered
13. The name of any institution or organization sponsoring the site (if not cited earlier)
14. Date when the researcher accessed the source (day month [abbreviated] year, e.g. 11 Apr. 2003)
15. Electronic address, or URL, of the source in angle brackets < >; or, for a subscription service, the URL of the service’s home page or the key word assigned by the service, preceded by Keyword
Remember: When citing material accessed via the Internet, first consult the formatting rules for print material (see pages 1-3 this handout).
An Entire Internet Site
1. Title of the site (underlined)
2. Name of the editor of the site (if given)
3. Electronic publication information, including version number (if relevant and not part of the title), date of electronic publication or the latest update, and name of any sponsoring institution or organization
4. Date of access
5. URL
Electronic Text Center. Ed. David Seaman. 2002 Alderman Lib., U of Virginia.
19 June 2002 <http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/>.
History Channel.org. 2002 History Channel. 14 May 2002
<http://historychannel.com>.
An
Online Book
1. Author's name (if given). If only an editor, compiler, or translator is identified, cite the person's name, followed by the appropriate abbreviation (ed., comp., trans.).
2. Title of the work (underlined)
3. Name of the editor, compiler, or translator (if relevant)
4. Publication information for the original print version, if given in the source (e.g., city of publication, name of publisher, year of publication)
5. Electronic publication information (e.g. title of the Internet site [underlined], editor of the site, version number, date of electronic publication, name of any sponsoring institution or organization)
6. Date of access
7. URL
(If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available.)
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Twice-Told Tales. Ed. George Parsons Lathrop. Boston:
Houghton, 1883. 16 May 2002<http://209.11.144.65/eldrichpress/nh/ttt.html
Keats, John. Poetical Works. 1884. Bartleby.com: Great Books Online. Ed. Steven van
Leeuwen.
2002.
A Part of an Online Book
Keats, John. "Ode to a Grecian Urn." Poetical Works. 1884. Bartleby.com: Great
Books Online. Ed. Steven van Leeuwen. 2002. 5 May 2002
<http://www.bartleby.com/126/41/htm>.
An
Article in an Online Periodical
The typical entry
for an online periodical consists of the following:
1. Author’s name (if given)
2. Title of the work or material (in quotation marks)
3. Name of the periodical (underlined)
4. Volume
number, issue number, or other identifying number
5. Date
of publication
6. The number range or total number of pages, paragraphs, or other sections, if they are numbered
7. Date of
access
8. URL
An
Article in a Scholarly Journal
Scholarly journals are available online independently or as part of a database of journals. If the journal is in a database, state the name of the database (underlined) after the print information for the article.Follow with the date of access and the relevant URL within the database.
Butler , Darrell L., and Martin Sellbon. "Barriers to Adopting Technology for Teaching
and
Learning." Educause Quarterly 25.2 (2002): 22-28. Educause.
<http://www.educause.edu/ir/
Sengers, Phoebe. "Cultural Informatics: Artificial Intelligence and the Humanities."
Surfaces
<http://pum12.pum.umontreal.ca/revues/surfaces/
An Article in a Newspaper or on a Newswire
Achenbach, Joel. "
America
’s River."
<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A13425-2202May1.html>.
"Networks Seek Familiarity, Stability.”"
AP Online June 2002.
<http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/arts/AP-TV-Season.html>.
An Article in a Magazine
Levy, Steven. "Great Minds, Great Ideas." Newsweek 27 May
2002. 20 May 2002
A Review
Rigby, Kate, and Bradley Franks. Rev. of The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice
Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature, by G. F. Miller. Psycoloqy 12.033 (2001): 17
pars. 20
May
2002
An
Editorial
"Keeping College Doors Open." Editorial. Christian Science Monitor: CSMonitor.com.
16 May 2002. 20 May 2002
<http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0516/p08s03-comv.html>
A Letter to the Editor
<http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/20/opinion/L20KIDS.html>.
A Work from a Library Subscription Service
To
cite material from a library subscription database, complete the citation by
stating the name of the database (underlined); the name of the service; the name of the
library; library location (city, state abbreviation); date of access; and URL of the service’s home page (in
angle brackets). If the service provides only the starting page number of an article’s original print
publication (e.g., p192), give the number followed by a hyphen, a
space, and a period (e.g., 192-.).
Anderson, George M. "Alternatives to Mandatory Detention Will Protect the Rights of
Illegal Immigrants." Immigration. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Current Controversies Ser.
Farmington Hills: Greenhaven, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center.
Thomson Gale. Northwestern Connecticut Community College Lib., Winsted, CT
3 May 2006 <http://find.galegroup.com/OVRC>.
(Please note: Many Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center (OVRC) articles include an additional (3rd) level citation source; however, the NCCC Library, in this citation guide, includes only two levels - the OVRC artticle information and one level of print publication information.)
Los AngelesTimes 24 September 1999 , home ed.: A1. LexisNexis
Academic. LexisNexis. Northwestern Connecticut Community College Lib.,
Northeastern United States." American Journal of Epidemiology 157 (2003):
531+. Expanded Academic
ASAP. Gale
Group.
Community College
Lib.,
MATERIAL from a Nonperiodical Publication on CD-ROM, DISKETTE, or MAGNETIC TAPE
Many publications on CD-ROM, diskette, or magnetic tape are issued as books are—that is, without a plan to update or otherwise revise the work regularly. Cite a nonperiodical publication on CD-ROM, diskette, or magnetic tape as you would a book, but add a description of the medium of publication. The typical works-cited-list entry for the source consists of the following items:
1. Author’s name (if given). If only an editor, a compiler, or a translator is identified, cite that person’s name, followed by the appropriate abbreviation (ed., comp., trans.).
2. Title of the publication (underlined)
3. Name of the editor, compiler, or translator (if relevant)
4. Publication medium (CD-ROM, Diskette, or Magnetic tape)
5. Edition, release, or version (if relevant)
6. Place of publication
7. Name of the publisher
8. Date of publication
MATERIAL from a Periodically Published CD-ROM DATABASE
(Such as a newspaper or periodically published reference work, e.g., an annual bibliography or collection of abstracts)
Many CD-ROM databases offer information that is also published as printed material. If a printed source is indicated for the work you are citing, the entry in a Works Cited list should include as many of the following items as are available:
